The Bridge Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bridge Project - Essay Example The Bridge Project Economics We will ensure that the cost is as low as possible by first, limiting the weight to 254.9 or below then use both glue and sticks in reduced quantity. The truss bridge that we managed to design had its cost greatly reduced. It will therefore, require several joints hence will not be much effective. Load Since the higher the load the more successful the structure will be, we managed to make the normal bridge structure withstand the weights easily. We also managed to lower the tensional and compressional force, which will be adjusted by increasing overlaps to the high beams. Aesthetics The more appealing to the eye a bridge is, the more it will be used. We plan to make our bridge very attractive by even introducing advertisement pictures on it. Ease of construction Since we only have a short time for this project, it must be easy to construct. This will allow us to carry out this project with minimal errors. We managed to design a bridge without many complexities but with seve ral parts. This will also enable to build it without much flaws. There were several alternatives that we could choose from based on the sustainability of engineering materials i.e. strength, recyclability and cost effectiveness. However, we had to choose an alternative, which was very economical, simple and strong. The main factor that we had to consider was that the material had to be readily available and be relatively cheap for us to afford. Moreover, it had to be stronger to sustain the expected load. Selection of the Bridge type We settled for the sticks bridge due to its strong nature, simplicity and cost effectiveness. It is less expensive to construct yet can still hold the weight quite well. All the rest were weaker compared to these two. Thus, these two were more sustainable than the rest. Prototype construction We curved the top and the bottom into their maximum heights, directed the beams towards the center, and had the cross section at the middle. It was constructed to meet the minimum requirements for width and height. The weight was set at 140.4 gm. and had load to weight ratio of 105:7. Estimated load capacity This was established by the breaking point of the design’s beam. In addition, it was determined by comparing the previously tested ones with our bridge. Prototype testing We used two beams to place the bridge 29 inches apart. Then added a wooden block on it and hang a chain from it. We then added a bucket below it to add the weights. Prototype performance It managed to hold 32.72 lbs. and broke at the point where the height begun reducing and at the joint right above it. Results The bridge held on to the weight as required but broke when the weight was increased. For the bridge to support more weight we need to add more support beams and change the materials used to construct the bridge. Discussion Shorter distances between the beams that supported the bridge are needed to make the bridge more strong. This will help in distributing the weight evenly on the bridge the beams will increase the load capacity by twice. The chain that was used before needed a change. A stronger chain that can withstand a higher strain is needed. With the extra beams, the bridge is bound to be heavier. Changes are needed in all materials used. The wooden block that was on the other bridge needed a change.

Pressure Ulcers Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pressure Ulcers Risk Management - Essay Example Apart from being static in a position there are some other reasons responsible for this like fragility of skin, chronic problems like diabetes, lack of nourishment, mental disability, incontinence or old age. Pressure ulcer management has definitely changed dramatically over the last 3 decades or so. Earlier, pressure ulcers did not receive much attention and they were treated with betadine, maalox, heat lamps and there were no low air loss beds. After the works of Braden and Bergstrom, pressure ulcers began to receive the attention deserved. Still lot of work is yet to be done to get the word out. That is why this project needs to be taken up. In year 2000-2002, there were 474,692 new cases of pressure ulcer( Patient safety in American Hospitals, Health Grades 2004) it is about 0.17% incidence rate. Out of this 13.13% of pressure ulcer cases resulted in death. 34,320 deaths due to pressure ulcer were attributable to patient safety. It also has a cost factor to it. In the year 200-2002 in US, $2,574.02 million were spent to treat pressure ulcers. At the same time $2.57 were spent to prevent pressure ulcer. (WD) Regulatory agencies such as CMS, JCAHO & the State Departments of Health consider pressure ulcers to be preventable and so nosocomial pressure ulcers are the fault of the facility or agency in which they occur. Nursing Homes receive citations, fines and even criminal charges for these types of wounds. Patients sue facilities and nurses and win. This is such a hot topic that all the agencies that deal with this problem are busy updating information, preventative measures and heightened awareness. If a streamlined process can be developed that addresses education and a nursing focused approach, perhaps we will see a drop in pressure ulcers. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisor Panel (NPUAP) has recently (Feb 2007) released some updates. The staging system was updated to both clarify the four stages AND name deep tissue injury into the staging system. They have also added the definition of pressure redistribution to replace the old pressure reduction and pressure relief definitions. Thi s was mainly due to new findings associated with shearing injuries.CMS is changing reimbursement on nosocomial pressure ulcers. Basically, CMS will reimburse to acute care facilities for pressure ulcers if the patient was admitted with the pressure ulcer, but if it is a nosocomial pressure ulcer then CMS will not pay. JCAHO has added pressure ulcers to the 2008 National Patient Safety Goal list for long term care:- "Goal 14 Prevent health care-associated pressure ulcers (decubitus ulcers). 14A Assess and periodically reassess each resident's risk for developing a pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer) and take action to address any identified risks." Braden scale Braden Scale is a clinically validated tool used in the medical profession to get a reliable score of the risk level for developing pressure ulcers in a patient. With its help even those nurses who do not have uniform level of experience and capacity of judgment, can have consistency in identifying the risk level of the patient. This also helps them to monitor their patient care in a busy schedule. It also helps them to pay appropriate attention to the six specific risk factors.

Is Infant Industry in Vietnam A Good Idea Essay

Is Infant Industry in Vietnam A Good Idea - Essay Example The researcher states that international trade is deemed as one of the essential steps towards success in the global industry. It is also expected that trade liberalization could alleviate poverty rate in the country. On the downside, there will always be an increasing demand from developed, First World countries towards excessive liberalization of foreign imports and investment. In some cases, free trade has been helpful for China and Taiwan, albeit with some violations and tremendous criticisms. At the international forefront, it has received a tremendous setback such that the Doha trade talks had been stalled while governments block the acquisition of foreign companies. Only a tip-in of the iceberg, Vietnam is faced with the need to broaden and widen its free trade defenses while maintaining its infant industry towards economic and improvement of rural development in the countryside. Aimed at protecting an industry, or a country in this particular scenario, the infant industry is an argument claiming the need for, as well as allowing, small firms in underdeveloped or developing countries to have a protection mechanism or policies against large, well-established, and well-developed industries or countries. Because new firms, particularly in developing countries, are not yet capable to go on a head-to-head battle with well-recognized business establishments from developed countries, the infant industry argument allows a developing country to impose a protective tariff, or tax, to imported goods and products. When this occurs, imported goods are obliged to increase prices, thus making them less competitive as compared to those local businesses in developing economies. In return, local businesses are able to gain a strong footing in their local economy until such time that it could achieve a sufficient size and obtain a significant economy of scale.

How are things different today for working class people and unions Essay

How are things different today for working class people and unions than in the days of Working Class New York - Essay Example In the United States, for instance, the working class people are mainly employed in jobs that do not require a lot of skills like clerks, retailers, and blue collar or manual jobs. Some white collar jobs like secretaries and call center employees also fall under the category of working class jobs (Shipler, p.36) For many years, New York City has been a working class city. During the period of the working class in New York, most people were employed in the manufacturing sector since there were many industries then. However, this is not the case today. Today there are fewer workers working in the manufacturing sectors in New York than during the period of working class in New York. Most people are employed in the service sector (Freeman, p.30) During the working class era in New York, workers were assured of the job security. They were not subjected to being laid off as a result of hard economic times. However, today’s working class face the challenge of ‘irregular employment’ since they are fired every now and then and hired again due to economic changes. It mainly affects workers in weak labor markets and those employed on a part-time basis. The economy of many nations all over the globe has continued to face stagnant growth unlike the period of the working class in New York. This has in turn slowed down creation of job opportunities and retrenching of many people who are in the working class category. Therefore, unlike in the past, many people in the United States and other parts of the world are unemployed. The unemployment rate in the United States in 2003 was at around 7%. Real wages for all workers have continued to decline due to inflation and other economic factors. Today, even when workers ar e employed they still continue to get by as compared to the period of Working Class Period in New York. During the period of working class New York, workers’ rights were protected by strong trade unions. In the United States, trade unions experienced many

How did the interest rate affect the housing prices What drives Essay

How did the interest rate affect the housing prices What drives overseas investors to invest in UK housing market - Essay Example These rates determine the volume of economic activities within the different sectors of the economy Let’s take the example of housing market and understand what the impact of interest rates is over the housing market. In general perspective, the interest rates varies indirectly with housing prices. Any rise in the interest rates makes the market unattractive for the buyer buying the house and therefore demand falls which ultimately leads to falling house prices. On the other hand, any increase in interest rates will increase the monthly payments on a variable mortgage over the house Interest rates and housing prices Interest rate affects the value of income-producing real estate mostly as compared to any investment parameter/factor in the economy. Due to such greater degree of impact of interest rates on an individual's ability to purchase housing properties many people incorrectly assume that the only deciding factor in real estate valuation is the mortgage rate. However, mor tgage rates are only one interest-related factor that influence the property values In developing countries US and UK, the rising interest rates have a big impact over the housing prices. Few years ago, the world has witnessed the global economic turmoil due to the high failures in relation to sub prime mortgages. This means that many homeowners have got a mortgage by borrowing a greater portion of their disposable income The relation between interest rates and housing prices is stronger at lower real interest rates, but even at low real rates, when time trend is included, prices seem to rise by x% as interest rates fall by much lower at y% point. The most common reason with regard to rising housing prices is the availability of easy credit, which took the form of high loan-to-value ratios, low interest rates and permissive approvals. These variables certainly affect housing prices Some of the exceptions to the case i.e. cases where the rising interest rates may not cause fall in ho use prices: Due to time lags: Suppose, someone have a house but any rise in interest rates is unlikely to make him/her sell the house, unless it becomes very serious. Generally a rise in interest rates will not reduce demand straight away Due to confidence: Suppose if the confidence level over the market is high, people may continue to spend money and respond to rising interest rates. This would lead to a fall in the savings ratio while the demand for housing doesn’t fall Due to real interest rates: The affordability of housing is majorly affected by the real interest rates. Suppose, if the interest rates are 9% but the inflation is 8%, the real interest rate is only 1%. In other terms, though the interest rates seem high, but in practices the real cost of borrowing is low Due to Other factors: Many a times, it depends on basic supply and demand analysis as well. Suppose, if there are severe supply constraints (like in the Great Britain) house prices may continue to rise, eve n though interest rates are higher Many a times some of the small developers and second-hand house owners may first reduce housing prices: Any increase in the down payment for the first house would also lead to increase in bank interest rates. This would lead to rise in the down payment pressure and interest costs on buyers Interest rates and impact on capital flows over housing market Since interest rates affects the capital flows, the demand and the supply for capital and investors' required rates of ROI,

Is Infant Industry in Vietnam A Good Idea Essay

Is Infant Industry in Vietnam A Good Idea - Essay Example The researcher states that international trade is deemed as one of the essential steps towards success in the global industry. It is also expected that trade liberalization could alleviate poverty rate in the country. On the downside, there will always be an increasing demand from developed, First World countries towards excessive liberalization of foreign imports and investment. In some cases, free trade has been helpful for China and Taiwan, albeit with some violations and tremendous criticisms. At the international forefront, it has received a tremendous setback such that the Doha trade talks had been stalled while governments block the acquisition of foreign companies. Only a tip-in of the iceberg, Vietnam is faced with the need to broaden and widen its free trade defenses while maintaining its infant industry towards economic and improvement of rural development in the countryside. Aimed at protecting an industry, or a country in this particular scenario, the infant industry is an argument claiming the need for, as well as allowing, small firms in underdeveloped or developing countries to have a protection mechanism or policies against large, well-established, and well-developed industries or countries. Because new firms, particularly in developing countries, are not yet capable to go on a head-to-head battle with well-recognized business establishments from developed countries, the infant industry argument allows a developing country to impose a protective tariff, or tax, to imported goods and products. When this occurs, imported goods are obliged to increase prices, thus making them less competitive as compared to those local businesses in developing economies. In return, local businesses are able to gain a strong footing in their local economy until such time that it could achieve a sufficient size and obtain a significant economy of scale.

How did the interest rate affect the housing prices What drives Essay

How did the interest rate affect the housing prices What drives overseas investors to invest in UK housing market - Essay Example These rates determine the volume of economic activities within the different sectors of the economy Let’s take the example of housing market and understand what the impact of interest rates is over the housing market. In general perspective, the interest rates varies indirectly with housing prices. Any rise in the interest rates makes the market unattractive for the buyer buying the house and therefore demand falls which ultimately leads to falling house prices. On the other hand, any increase in interest rates will increase the monthly payments on a variable mortgage over the house Interest rates and housing prices Interest rate affects the value of income-producing real estate mostly as compared to any investment parameter/factor in the economy. Due to such greater degree of impact of interest rates on an individual's ability to purchase housing properties many people incorrectly assume that the only deciding factor in real estate valuation is the mortgage rate. However, mor tgage rates are only one interest-related factor that influence the property values In developing countries US and UK, the rising interest rates have a big impact over the housing prices. Few years ago, the world has witnessed the global economic turmoil due to the high failures in relation to sub prime mortgages. This means that many homeowners have got a mortgage by borrowing a greater portion of their disposable income The relation between interest rates and housing prices is stronger at lower real interest rates, but even at low real rates, when time trend is included, prices seem to rise by x% as interest rates fall by much lower at y% point. The most common reason with regard to rising housing prices is the availability of easy credit, which took the form of high loan-to-value ratios, low interest rates and permissive approvals. These variables certainly affect housing prices Some of the exceptions to the case i.e. cases where the rising interest rates may not cause fall in ho use prices: Due to time lags: Suppose, someone have a house but any rise in interest rates is unlikely to make him/her sell the house, unless it becomes very serious. Generally a rise in interest rates will not reduce demand straight away Due to confidence: Suppose if the confidence level over the market is high, people may continue to spend money and respond to rising interest rates. This would lead to a fall in the savings ratio while the demand for housing doesn’t fall Due to real interest rates: The affordability of housing is majorly affected by the real interest rates. Suppose, if the interest rates are 9% but the inflation is 8%, the real interest rate is only 1%. In other terms, though the interest rates seem high, but in practices the real cost of borrowing is low Due to Other factors: Many a times, it depends on basic supply and demand analysis as well. Suppose, if there are severe supply constraints (like in the Great Britain) house prices may continue to rise, eve n though interest rates are higher Many a times some of the small developers and second-hand house owners may first reduce housing prices: Any increase in the down payment for the first house would also lead to increase in bank interest rates. This would lead to rise in the down payment pressure and interest costs on buyers Interest rates and impact on capital flows over housing market Since interest rates affects the capital flows, the demand and the supply for capital and investors' required rates of ROI,