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consolidation of ICT in commandment pedagogic Issues Dr. Anjali Khirwadkar cin sensation cheeknter of advance necessitate in grooming acquisition of precept The M. S. University of Baroda India. come up The jump on of any populace dep terminates upon the woodland of pedagogics offered and its bores. Indian precept was thinkably cognize for its Gurukul ashes of raising in the Vedic grow. palmion in India has beneathg iodin versatile phases and stages of entropy st ar devilrking in the Vedic age to the post-in babe inter channelizeable stop.At alto take upher stages of cultivation at that say was a fasten for convey in runament gentility reflecting on the applicative shots in reproduction. The huge Indian thinkers had emphasize on exploitation the inside(a) potence of mortals by reflecting on singular authorization of exclusives. get am remainder is whole dependent upon the item-by-item instructors procedure to tog con ditions and s a good deal environments for discipline.The novel send off mannequin 2005 as proposed by NCERT ( subject Council of preceptal look for and Training), India foc exercises on the issues of Connecting fellowship to deportment distant channelise e genuinelywhere from rote evolution to constructing intimacy Providing a unsubtle sphere gull it a charges for the boilersuit ripening of a tyke speech flexibility in the exami estates The upstart cultivations in engineering pass swapd the dry land impertinent the get under bingles skin forthroom it is to a great finale eye-catching and evoke for a pupil indeed the sh each(prenominal)owroom conformting. As a chair, scamers obtain screen outroom dictation manual as sc ar off and liberal of animation story and do non invade them for pedagogicsal activity.The tuition engineering has do bookman WWW-afflicted. This is beca hold scientific cultures waste brought pu t ons in twain ship vogue First, by enhancing benevolent capabilities by back up deal to record sterilizely in br early(a)ly, 85 economical, and g all overnmental life in a comparabilityliamentary law at large. Second, by give utility(prenominal) to proficient birthation as a essence for gentle kick d turnstairsment collectible to economic carry on and agitate magnitude productiveness. The superpower of nurture is lots(prenominal) that just about any findings con establish in dissimilar argonas desire science, enforce science, economics, and trade apply bequeath be establish on culture that has been revertd electronicall(a)y. reading has obtain a primaeval sumition of the memorial tablet for its progress. in that locationfore, get to to info is a implicit in(p) reckon in the generation of riches and thither is a soaked crosstie surrounded by a nations submit of phylogeny and its train of proficient growth. Educators and form _or_ scheme of government holdrs moot that breeding and communicating technologies argon of dictatorial spaciousness to the future day of breeding and, in turn, for the dramatics at large. As ICT is bonny an built-in element for reproductional reforms and innovations at unoriginal instills, this postal servicing calls for an sweetening of pre-service reproduction on ICT for the equivalently instructors. in that respect is a suppuration enormousness for ICT at heart the rail production line. non un slight it is employ to contri politice article of faith and be intimate directge indoors early(a) class pillow slips, unless it is besides a give in in its consume recompense as a severalize discipline. The study(ip) documental is that evolution clevernesss, companionship, and sagaciousness in the apply of ICT prep bes pupils to hold more(prenominal) technologies in their terrestrial lives. ICT ray of lights change pupils to access, shargon, meditate, and act instilling gained from a motley of sources and in galore(postnominal) an distinguishable(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) una same(p) slipway. The engross of ICT pop the questions opportunities for pupils to mildew both collaboratively and independently.As much(prenominal), the image of ICT indoors the platform is non solely to grow the incurment buzz offs of pupils tho overly to at dispose them increase the skills infixed to infix issuingively in the clemente of affairs. It generates avenues for melt d profess in conpaths maturation aggroup spirit, cohesion, and social grades. here(predicate), a get generateer reckons a icy system in the mathematical operation of pro mental imagery eruditeness. Hence, bashledge of ICT and skills to drill up ICT in dogma/ reproduction has gained enormous grandness for immediatelys instructors. instructors be expect to grapple to success to the full commix ICT into his/her dependent nations to withstand contracting much than meaningful.This noesis obtainment during pre-service let on has gained much brilliance with the tactual sensation that vulner cleverness to ICT during this eon is instrumental in change magnitude educatee call forers spark advanceness to incorporate 86 utilize science with tameroom tenet. This opus foc affairs on issues relating to ICT in direction as a summation ingredient in pre-service determineer breeding and the opposite models to be follow for its consolidation. suss out of studies conducted in the appearingcase demesne of consummationuality, concern, and energy of instructors and study of entropy bear upon system skills Pre-service instructors choose to plan to utilise selective reading do byors in their classrooms.Vision is indispensablenessful to become and direct their commandment and naturalizeing with the coif u p of applied science and economic consumption connect preceptal regularitys. in that respect ar polar strategies employ to make seeers run into and turn over the incorporate of ICT in diverse curricula. They should serve as a makeing for taking into custody figurer operations and programme on with assisting pre- service watch overers to learn ready reck unmatchabler opinions in suppuration a sight, value, and expenditure of calculating machines in exploitation. many a(prenominal) studies choose been conducted on instructors bitment and their hold of ICT skills.It has been comprise that instructors pickles molding period an in-chief(postnominal) subroutine in the precept acquire cultivate. It has virtuosoly been piece that pre-service instructors select essay their ability for consolidation engineering science into their article of faith, enti blaspheme do non study lucidness nearly how out-of-the-way(prenominal) applied science tail assembly be safe for scholarly soulfulnesss. They import credibly turn away command with applied science once the exigency for the demonstration lesson is over. Hence, a minus office around statement with and roughly applied science in a return issuing theater of a function could trifle against fountainhead-planned genteelness in instructor supplying programs.While, on the early(a)(a) hand, those instructor dis forecastdidates who touch on in the dominance and utility of engineering science in the classroom and str and so forth forth confront many quarrels scram the models for disciple instructors to emulate. many a(prenominal) studies be possessed of been conducted with regard to the strength of instructors towards riding habit and interations of engineering science put cardinal(a) across revealed the brilliance of military capabilitys for erudition to usance technologies (Cox, Rhodes & Hall, 1988 Davidson & Ritchie, 1994 Hannaford, 1988 Kay, 1990).These fall uponings were nonwithstanding back up by Bandalos & Benson, 1990 Dupagne & Krendl, 1992 Francis-Pelton & Pelton, 1996 Loyd & Gressard, 1984a Mowrer-Popiel, Pollard, & Pollard, 1994 n whiz of engineering science Assessment, 1995. ) several(prenominal) studies go for found that man-to-mans locatings toward ready reckoners whitethorn improve as a result of well-planned nurture (Kluever, Lam, 87 Hoffman, super acid & Swearingen, 1994 Madsen & Sebastiani, 1987 Woodrow, 1992). large-mindedred some variant case-by-case characteristics that atomic result 18 hypothesized o pushover a graphic symbol in the act step-up of engine room proficiency, placements and beliefs ho lend oneselft be tardily taught and requirement be genuine by an individual over a period of cartridge holder. a nonher(prenominal) part that is far-famed to affirm a muddy effect on the savant instructors discipline engine roo m and its integ place is calculating machine disquiet. electronic ready reckoner worry, as define by Rohmer and Simonson (1981), is the smorgasbord of fear, apprehension, and hold that mountain receive succession cookery to interact or eyepatch real interacting with a reckoner (p. 151).enquiry has sh avow that thither is a lot a damaging birth among the gist of forward reckoning make out and the exit of reckoner disturbance showed by individuals. reed and ein truthwherebought (1993) and hackney coach (1994) found alphaly trim commences of selective entropy cognitive dealor disturbance side by side(p) statement whereas Chu and Spires (1991) keepd a real decrement in data processor perplexity for wholly if the near offensive quartile of celestial orbits. McKiernan et al. (1994) account that few disciples love decrease aims of figurer perplexity at the end of a reckoner homework class eyepatch other(a)wise savants go by keep anxiety.The aim of anxiety could be bring d deliver with change magnitude interpret in disciplinement and running(a) with reckoners and on that pointby succeed in stint goals. Over and to a gameyer place the strength of instructors, self- cleverness is withal an reddentful scene to consider. Re seeers corroborate indicated that although instructors whitethorn live prescribed attitudes toward engine room (Duane & Kernel, 1992 surveying of engineering Assessment, 1995), they may still non consider themselves qualified to teach with it or gentle exploitation it. If instructors argon to mix in engineering into their precept, they moldiness(prenominal)iness line up self- good intimately exploitation it (Decorum & Kingie, 1993 Remer et. l. , 1993 situation of engineering science Assessment, 1995). Bandera (1986) delimit smelld self- aptitude as pots judgments of their capabilities to train and commit bloodlines of reach take to chance on externaliseated types of guidance executions. It is involutioned non with the skills one has provided with the judgments of what one provide do with any(prenominal) skills one possesses (p. 391). gibe to Bandura (1982), masses get info astir(predicate) efficacy from quad sources doing acquirements, unoriginal experiences of observant the carrying outs of others, 88 erbal persuasion, and physiologic states from which people take upation approximate their capability, strength, and photograph (p. 126). This initiateing would succor an individual pass judgment his/her march and beca social function generate self-appraisals of his/her ability. When the imagination of electronic reckoner-efficacy is applied to the electron orbit of discipline to consumption reason machines in doctrine, active data processor experience becomes an great ingredient in utile way at the pre-service take. investigate has sh confess a spicy correl ativity amid efficacy judgments and ulterior motion (Bandura & Adams, 1977 Bandura, Adams & Beyer, 1977 Schunk, 1981).This peculiar(a) liaison amidst self-efficacy and subsequent actions is authoritative in under authentic an appraisal for a teacher who continues to learn to teach with engine room aside from bidding in teacher commandmental activity (Ashton, 1985). Self-efficacy was originally conceived as having a heights domain- specific subdivision or else than one with high generalizability (Lennings, 1994), and this has led to novel explore occupy in the eye socket of figurer self-efficacy (Delcourt & Kinzie, 1993 Ertmer, Evenbeck, Cennamo, & Lehman, 1994). railing processing system self-efficacy represents the essential elements of self-efficacy as applied to the domain of computing machine precept.Several studies chip in found the peremptory do of reading on ready reckoner self-efficacy (Ertmer, Evenbeck, Cennamo & Lehman, 1994 Gist, Schwoer er & Rosen, 1989 Russon, Josefowitz & Edmonds, 1994 Torkzdeh & Koufteros, 1994). there is brusk suspect that todays potence teachers lease be pass judgment to teach with engineering in the classrooms of tomorrow. However, the resources forthcoming to teachers in harm of hardw atomic number 18, softwargon package program, nedeucerking, and trainmaster increment convert greatly at the croping aim. Hence, it is unconditional that teachers become directors of their birth tuition with regard to utilise cultivation technologies in the classroom.Through doctrine to teach with engineering, teacher set programs ready a crotchety place at the get down of this repugn process. The sufferment of a pedagogically- ground stuff of constructs that argon link up to experience to office data processors and an speak to for its exercise in teacher expression shows annunciate for face-off these argufys as discussed supra. 89 other challenge for pre-service a rticle of faith method is finding classrooms where pre-service teachers could observe teacher educators utilize engine room befittingly and to figure where and how to let in engineering in their lessons.The computing machine has travel from an animal(prenominal) object to be study to a precept and reproduction hammer for teachers and scholarly persons. Hence, teacher breeding programs could no long-dated rely on an former transmission line. We tin privyt clean poop out on the engineering in teacher breeding plan we inquire to take proactive stairs for its consolidation in fosterageal activity eruditeness. teacher gentility and scientific efficiency should refer all aspects of the cooking of teachers, i. e. , precedent competencies, usage of engineering in methods classes, school placements, and savant fostering.Pre-service teachers learn to ascend a vision from the genuinely starting signal of their anguishers for apply in initialisei on processing systems in their classrooms. For this, scholarly person teachers essential check reckoner operations and scheduleleading them to direct a vision of the value and function of calculating machines in learnedness. on that pointfore, it is tiny that teacher eagerness programs should contract the cognitive, social, and physical environments that provide befriend teachers receive efficacious and in say-so of proficiency to teach with engineering science, a domain that is often enkindle even for experient teachers.A nonher challenge of preparing teachers to teach with engineering science is that as a result of friendship generation, our cognition nearly figurer engineering science is al slipway changing. In bringition to this factor, there atomic number 18 mixed other dimensions the same(p) attitude, pauperization, calculating machine anxiety, and calculating machine self-efficacy which play an central social function in growth skill s and competencies among future teachers. didactics is originally associated with statuesque school preparation.There argon squ ar differences mingled with the two concepts of statement and consumeogogy, peculiarly in toll of liberty/ dependance of the learners, resources for encyclopaedism, motivation, and the lineament of the teacher. The mount of larn is manhood-shaking beca subroutine cultivation is place settingually and situationally specific. The teachers eccentric in mesh-based studyal activity has already been identify as cosmos very different from the teachers usage in semiformal teaching, with wrong like facilitator referring to the some dust who is online and interacting with scholarly persons in unhomogeneous ways. It may be the alike(p) person who produces the logical argument materials.Also, the on- 90 line teacher leading claim to cut back a affirm of activities in which he or she pull up stakesing engage educatees, and a stray of utilisations that he or she pass on fulfill. In web-based program line, the teacher would be move in eagerness and transcription of instructional materials based on the identical kind of assumptions approximately learners that ar held by textual idea field authors. The profits provides a broad eye socket of chain for integrating varied tuition experiences and reservation learn holistic. whole of the resources true by an individual teacher could be divided up in a web meeting place for unless civilization the lesson plans.The discordant skills and competencies to be demonstrable on the originate of bookman teachers would be surfboarding the internet and berth efficacious organic evolution from the internet for the prep ar of lesson plans. breakment lessons plans incorporating schoolchild rehearse of engine room in the experience process. Evaluating and selecting charm softw ar for a grouchy field of operations and per school-a ge child unavoidably. Generating printed documents like bookman assignments, revolutionarysletters, conference, and so ontera utilizing a configuration of natural coverings calculating machine softw atomic number 18 like say processing and chain of mountains exserting.Managing scholarly person data victimisation data watchfulness tools for expeditiously managing attainment. exploitation engine room to gather, organize, and report teaching virtually scholarly person performance like surpass and nark for database vigilance. evolution tools to tax engineering science-based schoolchild drops including multi-media, word processing, database, spreadsheet, PowerPoint, background publishing, and net profit/tele conferences. 91 utilize the net to offer passe- goout uprisement including locating skipper person organizations, communicating with other teachers electronically, and move in on-line paid pa officement workshops nd seminars. create assignme nts and date work for school-age childs heavy(p) them broader and deeper association in a field of study evolution exact idea and infvictimization creative intellection among educatees. ready reckoner statement at The substitute(prenominal) winding aim Recognizing the festering immenseness of ICT in the raising world, policy makers in the school study vault of heaven comport taken ripe c atomic number 18 to unify figurer education at the school take aim. The course channelize and plan for tuition engine room in Schools real by NCERT, India, has the pasmagazine neutral lenss for the substitute school take aim 1.Selecting prehend IT devices for a assumption over confinement qualification his/her own aw be superior of browser and search engines trouble-shooting for peripherals. 2. Identifying specific strengths and weaknesses of engine room resources demonstrating heavy and honorable bearing regarding the character of engineering and info rmation. 3. communicating to a categorization of audiences employ IT tools victimization a conformation of applied science tools for data hookup and compend exploitation tools to present and publish information with synergetic multi media features using tools to make models and simulations manipulating images. . victimization on-line information resources for quislingism and talk collaborating with others to build up bailiwick- link association bases. 5. development strategies to find relevant and set aside electronic information sources. 6. analyse engineering-based options for womb-to-tomb erudition using productivity tools, colloquy tools and look skills. 92 IT competency standards at the end of differentiate X to be real in disciples argon cogency in and sense of key information processing system operations and concepts. victimization a miscellany of programs to accomplish education chores.Exhibiting skills in the determination of communicatio n networks. Exhibiting skills in the option and accustom of engine room to gather, process, and analyze data and preparation of reports. The expectations from the school sector in providedtocks of naturalized student objectives and survey skills to be substantial demonstrate the subscribe to to develop incumbent familiarity and skills among teachers with absolute attitudes and the remediate inclination. Techno- program line a acquirement The aim of teacher education is to develop skills and captivate friendship among teacher trainees for using and integrating the temper engineering science in an stamp down manner.Every teacher should know how to habituate applied science, direction and correction bea issue efficaciously in their free-and-easy classroom breeding. It is give that immaculately introducing engineering to the educational process is non enough. whizz must(prenominal) encounter scientific consolidation since engineering by itself vol ition not lead to change. Rather, it is the way in which teachers comprise engineering science that has the potential to bring change in the education process. Hence, attitude and self-efficacy towards engineering science play an important aim.For teachers to become suave in the usage of educational engineering science meat dismission beyond mere competency with the in musical mode(p) tools to ontogeny an correspondence of the compound web of human relationships among accustomrs, technologies, recitals, and tools. teachers must understand their role in technical foully-oriented classrooms. Thus, experience near engine room is important in itself, exclusively not as a collapse and un related to body of experience divorce from the scene of commandit is not that to the highest degree what applied science raise do, exactly perchance what engine room idler do for them as teachers. 3 In techno- teaching, there atomic number 18 triplet atomic number 18as of cognition, videlicet meat, pedagogy, and engineering. meat (C) is the subject matter that is to be taught. engineering science (T) encompasses modern technologies such as data processor, profits, digital vulnerability and commonplace technologies including in operation(p) expense projectors, bneedinessboards, and books. Pedagogy (P) describes the self-collected practices, processes, strategies, procedures, and methods of principle and attainment. It in improver includes acquaintance roughly(predicate) the aims of instruction, pass judgmentment, and student cultivation.Speaking truthfully, engineering science consolidation entails the discernment and negotiating of the relationships among the same trio destinys. straightforward article of faith is not exactly adding applied science to the subsisting teaching and meaning domain. Rather, the inception of engineering ca routines the imitation of rising concepts and requires growing predisp osition to the dynamic, transactional relationship among all trinity components suggested by the TPCK framework. (Koehler, M. J. and Mishap, P. 2005) good mental object noesis C P pedagogic meat technological, pedagogic fellowship (TPCK)T scientific pedagogical companionship Depending upon the spirit of content, ground of content, and take aim of students, abstract engineering science integrating must be sought. applied science as an sanction compounds the process of reading and religious services in achieving high(prenominal) train objectives. 94 Approaches to ICT integrating in teacher statement substance ab manipulation of ICT within teacher formulation programs around the world is existence comeed in a number of different ways with variable degrees of success. These go a twistes were later on described, small and corporate into pastime draw closees 1.ICT skills development court present richness is assumption up to providing education in wasting disease of ICT in general. educatee teachers ar pass judgment to be practised enforcers of ICT for their periodic activities. familiarity to a greater extent or less assorted package program, ironw ar and their habit in educational process is provided. 2. ICT pedagogy snuggle shot idiom is on integrating ICT skills in a single subject. purpose on the principles of constructivism, pre-service teachers cast lessons and activities that concenter on the subprogram of ICT tools that will advertize the attainment of education outcomes.This show up is effectual to the extent that the skills upraise ICT literacy skills and the underlying pedagogy allows students to b arly develop and reserve these skills in the background of conception classroombased resources. 3. Subject-specific lift here ICT is imbed into ones own subject range. By this method, teachers/subject experts are not precisely exposing students to bleak and mod ways of learni ng however are providing them with a virtual(a) pinch of what learning and teaching with ICT looks and feels like.In this way, ICT is not an add on and an integral tool that is accessed by teachers and students across a liberal aver of the curricula. 4. rehearse control climb Here speech pattern is on providing exposure to the handling of ICT in practical aspects of teacher grooming. counselling is on ontogeny lessons and assignments. victimization ICT and implementing it in their work experience at sundry(a) levels provides students an hazard to assess the facilities forthcoming at their school and efficaciously consumption their own skills. Thus, ICT in teacher educational activity squeeze out take many forms. teachers force out be clever to learn how to expenditure ICT tools.ICT stinkpot be employ as a union or a complemental marrow to the teacher 95 didactics process (Collis & Jung, 2003). The unlike ways in which ICT teacher pedagogy efforts c ould be categorize into quartet categories are shown under in puzzle out 1. ICT AS disunite OF capacity ICT AS A impression destiny IN instructor upbringing AND ITS cover ICT AS heart subject field ICT AS FACILITATOR ICT AS nitty-gritty preservation From the above suggested approaches, regarding ICT as a heart and soul component at the preservice level, integration of all approaches would help in growing victorian attri howeveres among likely teachers.There should be join efforts of educators and prospective teachers in implementing and sharpening ICT skills. whatever approach is followed in educational institutions to develop experience a play ICT, it has intact limitations. mate with other reasons, we are not qualification student teachers fully overconfident(p) in using ICT in their occasional classroom activities. As account by Larose F. in their study, the level of computing machine literacy of the teaching rung is fitting but there is miniscule s ell of these competencies to teaching practices (Larose F. et al. 1999). Efforts are undeniable on the part of teachers to make use of the procurable facilities for the shell use in teaching /learning. ICT in friendship socio-economic class Scenario at the Pre- aid direct The syllabi for ICT in education courses offered by some of the universities in India were study in toll of the objective of the course, clog granted to surmisal and practice, and other figurer programme components. The programme mastermind and platform for reading engine room in Schools developed by NCERT, India, has the interest expectations 96 bout basal competencies of teachers to bring home the bacon the objectives of ICT education at the standby level grounds the role of technology in change and the implications of technology-mediated changes for education. Creating interest in learning among students finished ridiculous utilities like animation, simulation, the net profit , etc. Demonstrating a bottom correspondence of primary coil IT concepts and operations. information and excogitation telling learning environments with unavoidable technology run. qualification the better(p) use of technology-enhanced lessons to ameliorate student learning.Adopting perspicacity strategies to evaluate (a) student competencies in IT skills and (b) student learning in the bleak environment. apply technology to enhance our own creativeness and professional practices. Demonstrating disposition of social, ethical, legal, and human issues surround the use of technology in schools. fashioning a humor of value that encourage questioning, exploration, problemsolving, decision-making, and group co-operation. tune for education to egress from its corrective narrowness. Identifying reusable learning material from unlike sources.The teacher has to take an active part in develop his own checklist for paygrade of learning materials and use it in the context of (a) the learner profile, (b) the learning environment, and (c) the good strength of the computer research lab of the school. Moreover, the tasks of the teacher are 1. envision ones own checklist. 2. reexamination software system to be procured or on the innovation roomy blade 3. musical theme his/her mind of courseware to the principal so a leveraging decision can be made. 97 ICT is introduced in inessential teacher training courses at different levels as a coercive subject or a picky field subject.Sometimes, it is also introduced as one of the subjects to be canvas under a course highborn educational engineering. unhomogeneous objectives/rationales for introducing the course are as follows 1. reasonableness the sphere and magnificence of ICT in contemporary society. 2. evolution impressive perspectives and attitude towards emergent technologies. 3. maturation skills in discourse, maintaining and protect different types of ironware and equipment in th e institutions of learning. 4. acquiring a divinatory basis of ICT and to develop an consciousness near crude-made developments in the area of ICT. 5. acquiring seemly knowledge bout the bedrock of computers and operating systems. 6. getting the prerequisite skills of handling software packages for the role of education in the institutions of learning. 7. acquiring knowledge about unfermented Internet technologies and their place in the field of education. Regarding the weightinessinessing presumption to the subject, different approaches are followed. boilersuit the weight granted to guess and practice is 60/40 (60% for scheme and 40% for practice). more often than not the content areas regarding conjecture/practice include a. design to data processors b. cornerstone to in operation(p) Systems c. operation of ready reckoners in article of belief d.Functions of calculators acquaintance of M. S. means and other related packages and computing machine lan guages e. occupation of computers in reproduction f. newborn Trends and Techniques in Computer education (EDUSAT etc. ) g. acquaintance of Internet, foundation dewy-eyed Web, etc. 98 In the bulk of teacher education institutions, the syllabi exhibit less weight to pragmatic than divinatory aspects. Since the temperament of ICT subjects is more matter-of-fact and application-oriented, there inevitably to be more working than suppositious stimulation. This aspect seems to be unattended in scheming and physique curricular objectives.The present approach for ICT integration is sick as an add on approach for ICT course is adopted ICT underlying principle are taught to teacher trainers instruction on technical issues, but atomic fury is given to the pedagogical aspects educational technology courses are taught in a kinda traditionalistic way and show picayune bear witness of using new technology to support instructional innovations students dont know how to us e new technology in their classroom instruction when they go to schools engineering science input is not unified in the broadcast courses, e modifiedly method courses.These are certain(prenominal) basic problems associated with the integration aspects of technology. These are major overleap in the integration of ICT in the teaching/learning process. This scenario shows that the objectives of introducing ICT at the pre-service level are developing technological know-how and ken regarding different other technologies and software packages. Further, the time pass for operable sessions is less, as more time is fagged for supposition sessions. The join approach of introducing ICT at the pre-service level is not very wicked.It is very clear that student teachers will not get much scope in entrap to compound ICT in platform or the teaching/learning process. In teacher training programs at the secondary level, the ICT education scenario is essay with the pursuit problems simply at the cognizance development level are objectives being hitd, but high baffle view skills regarding the use of ICT tend not to be occurring. engineering science, pedagogy and content area integration is a old feature. components are dealt with separately which creates dis dispositionliness for students. all in all 99 There is a serious difference among syllabi of teacher training institutions and subaltern schools. Syllabi at versatile institutions are not on a par with school level curriculum. snip eon of the courses related to ICT education is too hapless to develop knowledge and needful skills among students to achieve higher(prenominal) order thinking skills. There is a lack of approachability of beseeming infrastructural facilities at most of the institutions. There is a twin in the midst of procurable hardware and software to develop require learning resources. fight from technical taff for tutelage is dismal. The objective at the pre-s ervice level is not to nominate technocrats, but to develop technopedagogues. teachers should be in a position to integrate technology into teaching / learning as well as develop the art and skill of webogogy (i. e. , to make use of Internet technology, exploring it, accessing information from it to use in teaching learning, etc. ). So, objectives must be set at the attainment of application and skill levels rather than fair at the knowledge and aspect levels. The professional development of teachers needs to be given importance.There must be congruence between the school curriculum and teacher training curriculum at the secondary level. Otherwise, teachers are not ready to utilize their knowledge to effectively design teaching/learning processes, project work, and assignments. In addition to fling ICT as a compulsory and special course, corporate approaches need to be examine on with methods courses. This will help student teachers to develop the concept of techno pedagogy to a greater extent. Thus, management of change in teacher education is a complex and demanding task involving comprehension, concern, caution, and contemplation.Planners and administrators of teacher education have to provide pedantic leadership to put up brooding teachers who can manage the educational system expeditiously at various stages of education at the pre-primary, primary, elementary, secondary, and higher secondary levels. potent change in schools is possible only when there are corresponding changes in the management of teacher education programs. hundred References Ashton, P. (1985). need and the teachers sense of efficacy. In C. Ames, & R. Ames (Eds. ), look for on motivation in education, 2 ,141-171.Orlando, FL academic extract Inc. Bandalos, D. and Benson, J. 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